ɣanaɗ ʸ nf. tongue langue (7 groups, 20 languages) syn: ɗɨrɨnɨh ʸ, naɬɨj.
This root is found mostly in the South sub-branch of Central Chadic, but is also found in the Lamang and Higi groups. The *ɣ is realised as *g in Proto-Bata, Proto-Daba and Proto-Margi, which are unestablished changes. The *ɗ is only retained in the Daba group. In the Sukur, Lamang and Higi groups it is affected by the palatalisation prosody and is realised as *j, which is a regular process. The palatalisation prosody itself is only retained in Proto-Bata. In Proto-Tera it is vocalised, which is an unestablished change.
1Proto-Bata *gana ʸ tongue langue 1.1) Jimi (Djibi) gianan La langue comme organe. 1.2) Sharwa (Gravina) gana langue 1.3) Tsuvan (Johnston) agana la langue
2Proto-Daba *ganaɗ tongue langue 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) gɑnɑnɑ tongue langue 2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) gɑɗɑɗɑŋ tongue langue 2.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) ɡanaɗ tongue langue 2.3.1) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) ɡanaɗ language langue, langage 2.4) Daba (Lienhard) gànà la langue, le langage
3Proto-Tera *ɣina tongue langue 3.1) Tera (Newman) ɣena tongue 3.2) Nyimatli (Harley) ɣin tongue
4Proto-Sukur *ɣanaj tongue langue 4.1) Sukur (David) ɣanaj tongue 4.2) Sukur (Thomas) ɣanai tongue:- is the part in the mouth that moves around the mouth when talking or eating.
5Proto-Margi gar ʸ tongue langue 5.1) Bura (Blench) keᵑgjar Tongue 5.2) Margi (Hoffman) kjar tongue 5.3) Margi South (Harley) kjar tongue 5.4) Kilba (Schuh) kjar tongue
6Proto-Lamang *ɣanɨj tongue langue 6.1) Lamang (Wolff) ɣènè tongue 6.2) Hdi (Bramlett) ɣanik tongue la langue
7Proto-Higi *ɣanɨj tongue langue 7.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) annjə tongue 7.1.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) aniə tongue 7.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) ɣani tongue 7.3) Kirya (Blench) nɣànə́ tongue 7.4) Bana (Lienhard) ɣànì langue
This root is found mostly in the South sub-branch of Central Chadic, but is also found in the Lamang and Higi groups. The *ɣ is realised as *g in Proto-Bata, Proto-Daba and Proto-Margi, which are unestablished changes. The *ɗ is only retained in the Daba group. In the Sukur, Lamang and Higi groups it is affected by the palatalisation prosody and is realised as *j, which is a regular process. The palatalisation prosody itself is only retained in Proto-Bata. In Proto-Tera it is vocalised, which is an unestablished change.
1Proto-Bata *gana ʸ tongue langue 1.1) Jimi (Djibi) gianan La langue comme organe. 1.2) Sharwa (Gravina) gana langue 1.3) Tsuvan (Johnston) agana la langue
2Proto-Daba *ganaɗ tongue langue 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) gɑnɑnɑ tongue langue 2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) gɑɗɑɗɑŋ tongue langue 2.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) ɡanaɗ tongue langue 2.3.1) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) ɡanaɗ language langue, langage 2.4) Daba (Lienhard) gànà la langue, le langage
3Proto-Tera *ɣina tongue langue 3.1) Tera (Newman) ɣena tongue 3.2) Nyimatli (Harley) ɣin tongue
4Proto-Sukur *ɣanaj tongue langue 4.1) Sukur (David) ɣanaj tongue 4.2) Sukur (Thomas) ɣanai tongue:- is the part in the mouth that moves around the mouth when talking or eating.
5Proto-Margi gar ʸ tongue langue 5.1) Bura (Blench) keᵑgjar Tongue 5.2) Margi (Hoffman) kjar tongue 5.3) Margi South (Harley) kjar tongue 5.4) Kilba (Schuh) kjar tongue
6Proto-Lamang *ɣanɨj tongue langue 6.1) Lamang (Wolff) ɣènè tongue 6.2) Hdi (Bramlett) ɣanik tongue la langue
7Proto-Higi *ɣanɨj tongue langue 7.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) annjə tongue 7.1.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) aniə tongue 7.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) ɣani tongue 7.3) Kirya (Blench) nɣànə́ tongue 7.4) Bana (Lienhard) ɣànì langue